1.04 UTF-8 J 0 0 1243588 E2A01 What is the direction of an ascending pass for an amateur satellite? 0 From west to east 0 From east to west 0 From south to north 1 From north to south 0 E2A02 What is the direction of a descending pass for an amateur satellite? 0 From north to south 1 From west to east 0 From east to west 0 From south to north 0 E2A03 What is the period of an amateur satellite? 0 The point of maximum height of a satellite's orbit 0 The point of minimum height of a satellite's orbit 0 The amount of time it takes for a satellite to complete one orbit 1 The time it takes a satellite to travel from perigee to apogee 0 E2A04 What are the receiving and retransmitting frequency bands used for Mode V/H in amateur satellite operations? 0 Satellite receiving on Amateur bands in the range of 21 to 30 MHz and retransmitting on 144 to 148 MHz 0 Satellite receiving on 435 to 438 MHz and retransmitting on 144 to 148 MHz 0 Satellite receiving on 435 to 438 MHz and retransmitting on Amateur bands in the range of 21 to 30 MHz 0 Satellite receiving on 144 to 148 MHz and retransmitting on Amateur bands in the range of 21 to 30 MHz 1 E2A05 What are the receiving and retransmitting frequency bands used for Mode U/V in amateur satellite operations? 0 Satellite receiving on Amateur bands in the range of 21 to 30 MHz and retransmitting on 144 to 148 MHz 0 Satellite receiving on 435 to 438 MHz and retransmitting on 144 to 148 MHz 1 Satellite receiving on 435 to 438 MHz and retransmitting on Amateur bands in the range of 21 to 30 MHz 0 Satellite receiving on 144 to 148 MHz and retransmitting on Amateur bands in the range of 21 to 30 MHz 0 E2A06 What are the receiving and retransmitting frequency bands used for Mode V/U in amateur satellite operations? 0 Satellite receiving on 435 to 438 MHz and retransmitting on 144 to 148 MHz 0 Satellite receiving on 144 to 148 MHz and retransmitting on Amateur bands in the range of 21 to 30 MHz 0 Satellite receiving on 144 to 148 MHz and retransmitting on 435 to 438 MHz 1 Satellite receiving on 435 to 438 MHz and transmitting on 21 to 30 MHz 0 E2A07 What are the receiving and retransmitting frequency bands used for Mode L/U in amateur satellite operations? 0 Satellite receiving on 435 to 438 MHz and retransmitting on 21 to 30 MHz 0 Satellite receiving on Amateur bands in the range of 21 to 30 MHz and retransmitting on 435 to 438 MHz 0 Satellite receiving on 435 to 438 MHz and retransmitting on 1.26 to 1.27 GHz 0 Satellite receiving on 1.26 to 1.27 GHz and retransmitting on 435 to 438 MHz 1 E2A08 What is a linear transponder? 0 A repeater that passes only linear or CW signals 0 A device that receives and retransmits signals of any mode in a certain passband 1 An amplifier that varies its output linearly in response to input signals 0 A device that responds to satellite telecommands and is used to activate a linear sequence of events 0 E2A09 What is the name of the effect that causes the downlink frequency of a satellite to vary by several kHz during a low-earth orbit? 0 The Kepler effect 0 The Bernoulli effect 0 The Einstein effect 0 The Doppler effect 1 E2A10 Why may the received signal from an amateur satellite exhibit a fairly rapid pulsed fading effect? 0 Because the satellite is rotating 1 Because of ionospheric absorption 0 Because of the satellite's low orbital altitude 0 Because of the Doppler effect 0 E2A11 What type of antenna can be used to minimize the effects of spin modulation and Faraday rotation? 0 A nonpolarized antenna 0 A circularly polarized antenna 1 An isotropic antenna 0 A log-periodic dipole array 0 E2A12 How may the location of a satellite at a given time be predicted? 0 By means of the Doppler data for the specified satellite 0 By subtracting the mean anomaly from the orbital inclination 0 By adding the mean anomaly to the orbital inclination 0 By means of the Keplerian elements for the specified satellite 1 E2B01 How many times per second is a new frame transmitted in a fast-scan televisionsystem? 0 30 1 60 0 90 0 120 0 E2B02 How many horizontal lines make up a fast-scan television frame? 0 30 0 60 0 525 1 1050 0 E2B03 How is the interlace scanning pattern generated in a fast-scan television system? 0 By scanning the field from top to bottom 0 By scanning the field from bottom to top 0 By scanning from left to right in one field and right to left in the next 0 By scanning odd numbered lines in one field and even numbered ones in the next 1 E2B04 What is blanking in a video signal? 0 Synchronization of the horizontal and vertical sync pulses 0 Turning off the scanning beam while it is traveling from right to left and from bottom to top 1 Turning off the scanning beam at the conclusion of a transmission 0 Transmitting a black and white test pattern 0 E2B05 What is the bandwidth of a vestigial sideband AM fast-scan television transmission? 0 3 kHz 0 10 kHz 0 25 kHz 0 6 MHz 1 E2B06 What is the standard video level, in percent PEV, for black in amateur fast scan television? 0 0% 0 12.5% 0 70% 1 100% 0 E2B07 What is the standard video level, in percent PEV, for blanking in amateur fast scan television? 0 0% 0 12.5% 0 75% 1 100% 0 E2B08 Which of the following is NOT a common method of transmitting accompanying audio with amateur fast-scan television? 0 Amplitude modulation of the video carrier 1 Frequency-modulated sub-carrier 0 A separate VHF or UHF audio link 0 Frequency modulation of the video carrier 0 E2B09 What is facsimile? 0 The transmission of characters by radioteletype that form a picture when printed 0 The transmission of still pictures by slow-scan television 0 The transmission of video by amateur television 0 The transmission of printed pictures for permanent display on paper 1 E2B10 What is the modern standard scan rate for a fax image transmitted by an amateur station? 0 240 lines per minute 1 50 lines per minute 0 150 lines per second 0 60 lines per second 0 E2B11 What is the approximate transmission time per frame for a fax picture transmitted by an amateur station at 240 lpm? 0 6 minutes 0 3.3 minutes 1 6 seconds 0 1/60 second 0 E2B12 What information is sent by slow-scan television transmissions? 0 Baudot or ASCII characters that form a picture when printed 0 Pictures for permanent display on paper 0 Moving pictures 0 Still pictures 1 E2B13 How many lines are commonly used in each frame on an amateur slow-scan color television picture? 0 30 to 60 0 60 or 100 0 128 or 256 1 180 or 360 0 E2B14 What is the audio frequency for black in an amateur slow-scan television picture? 0 2300 Hz 0 2000 Hz 0 1500 Hz 1 120 Hz 0 E2B15 What is the audio frequency for white in an amateur slow-scan television picture? 0 120 Hz 0 1500 Hz 0 2000 Hz 0 2300 Hz 1 E2B16 What is the standard video level, in percent PEV, for white in an amateur fast-scan television transmission? 0 0% 0 12.5% 1 70% 0 100% 0 E2B17 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of FMTV (Frequency-Modulated Amateur Television) as compared to vestigial sideband AM television? 0 Immunity from fading due to limiting 1 Poor weak signal performance 0 Greater signal bandwidth 0 Greater complexity of receiving equipment 0 E2B18 What is the approximate bandwidth of a slow-scan TV signal? 0 600 Hz 0 2 kHz 1 2 MHz 0 6 MHz 0 E2B19 Which of the following systems is used to transmit high-quality still images by radio? 0 AMTOR 0 Baudot RTTY 0 AMTEX 0 Facsimile 1 E2B20 What special restrictions are imposed on fax transmissions? 0 None; they are allowed on all amateur frequencies 0 They are restricted to 7.245 MHz, 14.245 MHz, 21.345 MHz, and 28.945 MHz 0 They are allowed in phone band segments if their bandwidth is no greater than that of a voice signal of the same modulation type 1 They are not permitted above 54 MHz 0 E2C01 When operating during a contest, which of these standards should you generally follow? 0 Always listen before transmitting, be courteous and do not cause harmful Interferance to other communication 1 Always reply to other stations calling CQ at least as many times as you call CQ 0 When initiating a contact, always reply with the call sign of the station you are calling followed by your own call sign 0 Always include your signal report, name and transmitter power output in any exchange with another station 0 E2C02 What is one of the main purposes for holding on-the-air operating contests? 0 To test the dollar-to-feature value of station equipment during difficult operating circumstances 0 To enhance the communicating and operating skills of amateur operators in readiness for an emergency 1 To measure the ionospheres capacity for refracting RF signals under varying conditions 0 To demonstrate to the FCC that amateur station operation is possible during difficult operating circumstances 0 E2C03 Which of the following is typical of operations during an international amateur DX contest? 0 Calling CQ is always done on an odd minute and listening is always done on an even minute 0 Contacting a DX station is best accomplished when the WWV K index is above a reading of 8 0 Some DX operators use split frequency operations (transmitting on a frequency different from the receiving frequency) 1 DX contacts during the day are never possible because of known band attenuation from the sun 0 E2C04 If a DX station asks for your grid square locator, what should be your reply? 0 The square of the power fed to the grid of your final amplifier and your current city, state and country 0 The DX station's call sign followed by your call sign and your RST signal report 0 The subsection of the IARU region in which you are located based upon dividing the entire region into a grid of squares 10 km wide 0 Your geographic Maidenhead grid location (e.g., FN31AA) based on your current latitude and longitude 1 E2C05 What does a Maidenhead gridsquare refer to? 0 A two-degree longitude by one-degree latitude square, as part of a world wide numbering system 1 A one-degree longitude by one degree latitude square, beginning at the South Pole 0 An antenna made of wire grid used to amplify low-angle incoming signals while reducing high-angle incoming signals 0 An antenna consisting of a screen or grid positioned directly beneath the radiating element 0 E2C06 During a VHF/UHF contest, in which band section would you expect to find the highest level of contest activity? 0 At the top of each band, usually in a segment reserved for contests 0 In the middle of each band, usually on the national calling frequency 0 In the weak signal segment of the band, with most of the activity near the calling frequency 1 In the middle of the band, usually 25 kHz above the national calling frequency 0 E2C07 If you are in the US calling a station in Texas on a frequency of 1832 kHz and a station replies that you are in the window, what does this mean? 0 You are operating out of the band privileges of your license 0 You are calling at the wrong time of day to be within the window of frequencies that can be received in Texas at that time 0 You are transmitting in a frequency segment that is reserved for international DX contacts by gentlemen's agreement 1 Your modulation has reached an undesirable level and you are interfering with another contact 0 E2C08 Why are received spread-spectrum signals so resistant to interference? 0 Signals not using the spectrum-spreading algorithm are suppressed in the receiver 1 The high power used by a spread-spectrum transmitter keeps its signal from being easily overpowered 0 The receiver is always equipped with a special digital signal processor (DSP) interference filter 0 If interference is detected by the receiver it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies 0 E2C09 How does the spread-spectrum technique of frequency hopping (FH) work? 0 If interference is detected by the receiver it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies 0 If interference is detected by the receiver it will signal the transmitter to wait until the frequency is clear 0 A pseudo-random binary bit stream is used to shift the phase of an RF carrier very rapidly in a particular sequence 0 The frequency of the transmitted signal is changed very rapidly according to a particular sequence also used by the receiving station 1 E2C10 While participating in an HF contest, how should you attempt to contact a station calling CQ and stating that he is listening on another specific frequency? 0 By sending your full call sign on the listening frequency specified 1 By sending only the suffix of your call sign on the listening Frequency 0 By sending your full call sign on the frequency on which you heard the station calling CQ 0 By sending only the suffix of your call sign on the frequency on which you heard the station calling CQ 0 E2C11 When operating SSB in a VHF contest, how should you attempt to contact a station calling CQ while a pileup of other stations are also trying to contact the same station? 0 By sending your full call sign after the distant station transmits QRZ 1 By sending only the last letters of your call sign after the distant station transmits QRZ 0 By sending your full call sign and grid square as soon as you hear the distant station transmit QRZ 0 By sending the call sign of the distant station three times, the words "this is", then your call sign three times 0 E2C12 In North America during low sunspot activity, signals from Europe become weak and fluttery across an entire HF band two to three hours after sunset, what might help to contact other European DX stations? 0 Switch to a higher frequency HF band, because the MUF has increased 0 Switch to a lower frequency HF band because the MUF has decreased 1 Wait 90 minutes or so for the signal degradation to pass 0 Wait 24 hours before attempting another communication on the band 0 E2D01 What does CMD: mean when it is displayed on the video monitor of a packet station? 0 The TNC is ready to exit the packet terminal program 0 The TNC is in command mode, ready to receive instructions from the keyboard 1 The TNC will exit to the command mode on the next keystroke 0 The TNC is in KISS mode running TCP/IP, ready for the next command 0 E2D02 What is a Packet Cluster Bulletin Board? 0 A packet bulletin board devoted primarily to serving a special interest group 1 A group of general-purpose packet bulletin boards linked together in a cluster 0 A special interest cluster of packet bulletin boards devoted entirely to packet radio computer communications 0 A special interest telephone/modem bulletin board devoted to amateur DX operations 0 E2D03 In comparing HF and 2-meter packet Operations, which of the following is NOT true? 0 HF packet typically uses an FSK signal with a data rate of 300 bauds; 2-meter packet uses an AFSK signal with a data rate of 1200 bauds 0 HF packet and 2-meter packet operations use the same code for information exchange 0 HF packet is limited to Amateur Extra class amateur licensees; 2-meter packet is open to all but Novice Class amateur licensees 1 HF packet operations are limited to CW/Data-only band segments; 2-meter packet is allowed wherever FM operations are allowed 0 E2D04 What is the purpose of a digital store and forward on an Amateur satellite? 0 To stockpile packet TNCs and other digital hardware to be distributed to RACES operators in the event of an emergency 0 To relay messages across the country via a network of HF digital stations 0 To store messages in an amateur satellite for later download by other stations 1 To store messages in a packet digipeater for relay via the Internet 0 E2D05 Which of the following techniques is normally used by low-earth orbiting digital satellites to relay messages around the world? 0 Digipeating 0 Store and forward 1 Multi-satellite relaying 0 Node hopping 0 E2D06 What is the common 2-meter APRS frequency? 0 144.20 MHz 0 144.39 MHz 1 145.02 MHz 0 146.52 MHz 0 E2D07 Which of the following digital protocols does APRS use? 0 AX.25 1 802.11 0 PACTOR 0 AMTOR 0 E2D08 Which of the following types of packet frames is used to transmit APRS beacon data? 0 Connect frames 0 Disconnect frames 0 Acknowledgement frames 0 Unnumbered Information frames 1 E2D09 Under clear communications conditions, which of these digital communications modes has the fastest data throughput? 0 AMTOR 0 170-Hz shift, 45 baud RTTY 0 PSK31 0 300-baud packet 1 E2D10 How can an APRS station be used to help support a public service communications activity, such as a walk-a-thon? 0 An APRS station with an emergency medical technician can automatically transmit medical data to the nearest hospital 0 APRS stations with General Personnel Scanners can automatically relay the participant numbers and time as they pass the check points 0 An APRS station with a GPS unit can automatically transmit information to show the station's position along the course route 1 All of these choices are correct 0 E2D11 Which of the following data sources are needed to accurately transmit your geographical location over the APRS network? 0 The NMEA-0183 formatted data from a Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite receiver 0 The latitude and longitude of your location, preferably in degrees, minutes and seconds, entered into the APRS computer software 0 The NMEA-0183 formatted data from a LORAN navigation system 0 All of these choices are correct 1 E2E01 What is the most common method of transmitting data emissions below 30 MHz? 0 DTMF tones modulating an FM signal 0 FSK (frequency-shift keying) of an RF carrier 1 AFSK (audio frequency-shift keying) of an FM signal 0 Key-operated on/off switching of an RF carrier 0 E2E02 What do the letters FEC mean as they relate to AMTOR operation? 0 Forward Error Correction 1 First Error Correction 0 Fatal Error Correction 0 Final Error Correction 0 E2E03 How is Forward Error Correction implemented? 0 By transmitting blocks of 3 data characters from the sending station to the receiving station, which the receiving station acknowledges 0 By transmitting a special FEC algorithm which the receiving station uses for data validation 0 By transmitting extra data that may be used to detect and correct transmission errors 1 By varying the frequency shift of the transmitted signal according to a predefined algorithm 0 E2E04 If an oscilloscope is connected to a TNC or terminal unit and is displaying two crossed ellipses, one of which suddenly disappears, what would this indicate about the observed signal? 0 The phenomenon known as selective fading has occurred 1 One of the signal filters has saturated 0 The receiver should be retuned, as it has probably moved at least 5 kHz from the desired receive frequency 0 The mark and space signal have been inverted and the receiving equipment has not yet responded to the change 0 E2E05 What is the name for a bulletin transmission system that includes a special header to allow receiving stations to determine if the bulletin has been previously received? 0 ARQ mode A 0 FEC mode B 0 AMTOR 0 AMTEX 1 E2E06 What is the most common data rate used for HF packet communications? 0 48 bauds 0 110 bauds 0 300 bauds 1 1200 bauds 0 E2E07 What is the typical bandwidth of a properly modulated MFSK16 signal? 0 31 Hz 0 316 Hz 1 550 Hz 0 2 kHz 0 E2E08 Which of the following HF digital modes can be used to transfer binary files? 0 Hellschreiber 0 PACTOR 1 RTTY 0 AMTOR 0 E2E11 What is the Baudot code? 0 A code used to transmit data only in modern computer-based data systems using seven data bits 0 A binary code consisting of eight data bits 0 An alternate name for Morse code 0 The International Telegraph Alphabet Number 2 (ITA2) which uses five data bits 1 E2E12 Which of these digital communications modes has the narrowest bandwidth? 0 AMTOR 0 170-Hz shift, 45 baud RTTY 0 PSK31 1 300-baud packet 0