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Lung buds come from where?
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ventral part of pharynx
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Stomach comes from where?
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distal foregut expansion
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Liver & Pancreas come from where?
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Buds from distal part of foregut
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what type of tissue forms the epithelial & glandular parts of digestive organs.
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endoderm
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in gut formation what comes from spanchnic mesoderm
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(muscular, C.T., and mesothelial layer, visceral peritoneum (serosa), dorsal mesentery
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what explains Right vagus nerve-posterior surface; left vagus nerve---anterior surface of adult stomach & lower esophagus
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Gut Rotation
---270 degree roation (counterclockwise) when viewed ventrally (starts day 35)
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where will excess fluid in the abdonimopelvic cavity accumulatin in a supine individual and what is this called
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in the superior and inferior dorsal parts
ascites
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what is peritonitis and how is it caused
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infection and inflammation of the peritoneum
ruptered appendix, penetrating knife or bullet wound, non-sterile surgical technique
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where is the superior recess of the lesser sac
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between the quadrate lobe and the diaphram
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where is the subphrenic recess
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between anterior surface of the liver and the anterior abdominal wall (diaphragm)
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what are the two derivatives of the ventral mesentery
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falciform ligament
lesser omentum
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what is the gastrocolic ligament
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that big mother that hangs over the transvers colon
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what are the Boundaries of abdominal cavity
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--Superior boundary (diaphragm)
--Inferior boundary (pelvic brim)
--Ant. & Lat. Boundaries (Ant. & Lat. Abdominal walls)
--Posterior boundary (post. Abdominal wall)
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what are the Organs associated with posterior abd. Wall
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IVC, aorta, kidneys, retroperitoneal parts of duodenum, pancreas, ascending & descending colon
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what are the 4 recesses of greater sac
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Subphrenic recess-b/t anterior abd wall and anterior surface of liver
Hepatorenal recess-on the right side only; slit b/t inf. aspect of liver & r. kidney (superior part of paravertebral gutter)
Retrocecal recess-in the right iliac fossa (usually occupied by appendix)
Paracolic gutters---ascending & descending segments of colon lie here but do not completely fill it. Lateral to it runs a paracolic gutter.
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the supracolic & infracolic portions are separated by what?
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The greater omentum (inferior to stomach) w/ the transverse mesocolon that it fuses to makes a septum. Anything superior is supracolic. Anything inferior is infracolic.
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what are the Derivatives of dorsal mesentery
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1. Greater Omentum, 2. Mesentery Proper, 3.Transverse mesocolon, 4. sigmoid mesocolon
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What are the four subdivisions of the greater omentum?
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1) gastrophrenic ligament: connects superior part of stomach to diaphragm
2) gastrosplenic (gastrolienal) ligament: stomach to spleen
3) lienorenal ligament: spleen to left kidney (on post. Abd wall)
4) gastrocolic ligament: main portion that hangs down over transverse colon & folds back over itself before attaching to post abd wall.
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what is the arterial supply of the pancrease
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sup. & inf. Pancreaticoduodenal, superior mesenteric, common hepatic artery, splenic artery
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what is the nerve innervation of the pancrease
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splanchnic or vagus go to the celiac & superior mesenteric plexuses, then to the pancreas
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what makes up Right side of “H” in liver
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IVC-superiorly, gallbladder-inferiorly
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what makes up the Left side of “H” in the liver
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deep fissure from ligamentum venosum-superiorly and ligamentum teres-inferiorly
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what is the remnant of the umbilical vein
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ligamentum teres
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what is the crossbar of “H” in the liver
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Hepatis-where most vessels enter/leave liver
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what is the nerve supply of the liver
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Splanchnic or Vagus go to Celiac plexus, which continues to Hepatic plexus, which goes to the Liver.
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what are the contents of the porta hepatis
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L and R portal Vein
L and R hepatic Artery
L and R commmon hepatic duct
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what structures form from a diertculum of the foregut
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liver
gall bladder
bile ducts
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the lower part of the esophagus is supplied by what artery
what is the upper part supplied by?
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Left gastric arter
direct branches from the aorta
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how do veins corresponding to the celiac artery drain
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right into the portal vein
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all abdominopelvic organs have sympathetic innervation that is derived from ....
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the lower thracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord T5-L2
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preganglionic fibers enter sypathetci chain ganglia (T5-L2) through ____________ rami communicantes
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white
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splanchnic nerves supply ________________ and always contain ___________ __________ fibers
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visceral organs
preganglionic autonomic
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when the vitelline duct does not disappear
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Meckel's diverticulum
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Where do liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts form from?
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Diverticulum of foregut.
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where does the Ventral pancreatic bud come from?
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comes from the same diverticulum as bile ducts
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where does the Dorsal pancreatic bud come from?
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comes from diverticulum of the future duodenum.
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what are the 3 branches of celiac artery
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--1). Left Gastric Artery-goes to cardiac portion & lesser curvature of stomach
--2). Splenic Artery-go to spleen along sup. Surface of pancreas
--splenorenal ligament
--3). Common hepatic artery
--hepatoduodenal ligament
--gastroduodenal artery
--superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (come from gastroduodenal & supply head & uncinate process of pancreas when they anastomose w/ sup. Mesenteric arteries)
--hepatic artery proper
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what is superior mesenteric artery syndrome
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horizontal portion of duodenum becomes compressed by superior mesenteric artery (from reduced retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat)
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What are the four major portal-systemic anastomoses?
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1). Lower esophagus: portal connection=esophageal tributaries of L. gastric vein; systemic connection=azygos vein; clinical malady=esophageal varices
2). Ant. Abd. Wall: portal connection=paraumbilical veins; systemic connection=epigastric veins; clinical malady=caput medusae
3). Anal Canal: Portal connection=superior rectal vein; systemic connection=IVC via the middle & inferior rectal veins; clinical malady=hemorrhoids
4). Asc. & Desc. Colon: Portal connection=R & L Colic Veins; Systemic connection=posterior abdominal wall veins; clinical malady=Ascites
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In autonomic plexuses, parasympathetic and sympathetic efferent and visceral afferent nerve fibers are __________.
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intermixed
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pelvic splanchnic nerves supply parasympathetic efferents to what?
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(hindgut derivatives)
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Visceral afferents that follow sympathetic pathways carry what from abd organs? Where are these cell bodies?
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(pain)
(dorsal root ganglia of T5-L2)
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Visceral afferents that follow parasymp. pathways carry what from abd organs?
Where are these cell bodies?
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(sensations such as nausea or hunger)
(vagal sensory ganglia in head for foregut and midgut and dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves S2-S4 for hindgut)
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